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Table of Contents:

List of Section Editors
List of Contributors
Preface
Introduction: The Role of Animal Models in the Evaluation of New Antibodies
I Introductory Background to Animal Models of Infection 1
1 Early History of Animal Models of Infection 3
2 General Methodologies for Animal Models 9
3 Ethics Committees in Europe - An Overview 13
4 Animal Care and Use Committees - An American Perspective 19
5 Ethical Aspects of the Use of Animal Models of Infection 29
6 The Impact of General Laboratory Animal Health on Experimental Models in Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 49
7 Non-invasive Monitoring of Infection and Gene Expression in Living Animal Models 61
8 Considerations for Working Safely with Infectious Disease Agents in Research Agents 69
9 Analysis of Genetic Susceptibility to Infection in Mice 75
10 Formulation of Compounds and Determination of Pharmacokinetic Parameters 83
11 Methods for Obtaining Human-like Pharmacokinetic Patterns in Experimental Animals 93
12 Modes of Action of Antibiotics and Bacterial Structure: Bacterial Mass Versus their Numbers 105
13 Activity of Antibiotics Against Adherent/Slow-growing Bacteria Reflecting the Situation in vivo 117
II Bacterial Infection Models 125
14 The Mouse Peritonitis/Sepsis Model 127
15 Murine Thigh Infection Model 137
16 Mouse Subcutaneous Cotton Thread Model 145
17 Infection after Ionizing Radiation 151
18 Intra-abdominal Abscess 163
19 Mouse Peritonitis Model Using Cecal Ligation and Puncture 173
20 Murine Models of Peritonitis Involving a Foreign Body 183
21 Rat Polymicrobial Peritonitis Infection Model 189
22 Murine Thigh Suture Model 195
23 Animal Models of Melioidosis 199
24 Low Inoculum Model of Clean Wound Infection 205
25 Translocation of Gut Bacteria During Trauma 213
26 Mouse Models of Campylobacter jejuni Infection 223
27 Suckling Mouse Model of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection 241
28 Rabbit Model of Shigellosis 255
29 RITARD Rabbit Model for Studying Vibrio cholerae and Other Enteric Infections 261
30 Mouse Model of Helicobacter pylori Infection 265
31 Animal Models of Helicobacter (ferrets) 273
32 Hamster Model of Syphilis 285
33 Guinea-pig Model of Acquired and Congenital Syphilis 291
34 The Guinea-pig Model of Legionnaires' Disease 303
35 Murine Models of Tuberculosis 315
36 Beige Mouse Model of Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection 321
37 The Armadillo Leprosy Model, with Particular Reference to Lepromatous Neuritis 331
38 Models of Leprosy Infection in Mice 337
39 Hamster Model of Lyme Arthritis 347
40 Rabbit Model of Bacterial Conjunctivitis 353
41 Murine Model of Bacterial Keratitis 361
42 The Rabbit Intrastromal Injection Model of Bacterial Keratitis 367
43 Gerbil Model of Acute Otitis Media 375
44 Bacterial Otitis Externa in the Guinea-pig Model 385
45 Otitis Media: The Chinchilla Model 389
46 A Guinea Pig Model of Acute Otitis Media 403
47 Tissue Cage Infection Model 409
48 Rat Model of Bacterial Epididymitis 419
49 Mouse Model of Mycoplasma Genital Infections 427
50 Mouse Model of Ascending Urinary Tract Infection 435
51 Mouse Model of Ascending UTI Involving Short and Long-term Indwelling Catheters 441
52 Rat Bladder Infection Model 447
53 Rabbit Model of Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infection 453
54 Subclinical Pyelonephritis in the Rat 463
55 Models of Acute and Chronic Pyelonephritis in the Rat 469
56 Rat Model of Chronic Cystitis 475
57 Mouse Pneumococcal Pneumonia Models 481
58 Animal Models of Gram-negative Bacillary Experimental Pneumonia 495
59 Models of Pneumonia in Ethanol-treated Rats 501
60 Pneumococcal Pneumonia and Bacteria in a Cirrhotic Rat Model 509
61 Rat Model of Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection 517
62 Hamster Model of Mycoplasma Pulmonary Infections 527
63 Murine Models of Pneumonia Using Aerosol Inoculation 533
64 Experimental Models of Infectious Arthritis 539
65 Experimental Group B Streptococcus Arthritis in Mice 549
66 Rat Model of Bacterial Osteomyelitis of the Tibia 561
67 Hematogenous Osteomyelitis in the Rat 577
68 Rabbit Model of Bacterial Osteomyelitis of the Tibia 581
69 Arthroplasty Model in Rats 593
70 Arthroplasty Model in Rabbits 599
71 Mouse Model of Streptococcal Fasciitis 605
72 Rabbit Model of Bacterial Endocarditis 611
73 Infant Rat Model of Acute Meningitis 619
74 Adult Rat Model of Meningitis 627
75 Rabbit Model of Bacterial Meningitis 631
76 Escherichia coli Brain Abscess Method in Rat 639
III Mycotic Infection Models 647
77 Rodent Models of Candida Sepsis 649
78 A Generalized Candida albicans Infection Model in the Rat 657
79 Experimental Oropharyngeal and Gastrointestinal Candida Infection in Mice 663
80 Paw Oedema as a Model of Localized Candidiasis 667
81 Murine Model of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis 673
82 Experimental Pulmonary Cryptococcal Infection in Mice 681
83 Experimental Pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans Infection in Rats 687
84 Rat Model of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis 693
85 Rabbit Model of Candida Keratomycosis 697
86 Experimental Candida Endocarditis 709
87 Rabbit Model of Cryptococcal Meningitis 721
88 Rat Models of Ascending Pyelonephritis Due to Candida albicans 727
89 Rat Model of Candida Vaginal Infection 735
90 Murine Models of Candida Vaginal Infections 741
91 Sporotrichosis 749
IV Parasitic Infection Models 755
92 Malaria 757
93 Animal Models of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis 775
94 Animal Models of Visceral Leishmaniasis 783
95 Animal Models of Acute (first-stage) Sleeping Sickness 789
96 Animal Models of CNS (second-stage) Sleeping Sickness 795
97 Animal Models of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection 801
98 Animal Models of Toxoplasma Infection 811
99 Animal Models of Coccidia Infection 821
100 Animal Models of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection with Special Emphasis on the Intravaginal Mouse Model 839
101 Animal Models of Cryptosporidium Gastrointestinal Infection 851
102 Animal Models of Entamoeba histolytica Infection 859
103 Animal Models of Giardiasis 867
104 Schistosomosis 873
105 Animal Models for Echinococcosis 877
106 Intestinal Worm Infections 885
V Viral Infection Models 897
107 Animal Models for Central Nervous System and Disseminated Infections with Herpes Simplex Virus 899
108 Animal Models of Herpesvirus Genital Infection: Guinea-Pig 907
109 Animal Models of Herpes Skin Infection: Guinea-pig 911
110 Animal Models of Ocular Herpes Simplex Virus Infection (Rabbits, Primates, Mice) 919
111 Animal Models for Cytomegalovirus Infection: Murine CMV 927
112 Animal Models for Cytomegalovirus Infection: Guinea-Pig CMV 935
113 Animal Models for Cytomegalovirus Infection: Rat CMV 943
114 Human Cytomegalovirus Infection of the SCID-hu (thy/liv) Mouse 951
115 Animal Model for Ocular Human Cytomegalovirus Infections in SCID-hu Mice 957
116 Animal Models for Varicella Zoster Infections: Simian Varicella 963
117 Varicella Zoster Infection of T cells and Skin in the SCID-hu Mouse Model 973
118 The Mouse Model of Influenza Virus Infection 981
119 The Ferret as an Animal Model of Influenza Virus Infection 989
120 The Cotton Rat as a Model of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pathogenesis, Prophylaxis and Therapy 999
121 Animal Models for Coxsackievirus Infections 1005
122 Animal Models for HBV Infections - Transgenic Mice 1009
123 Animal Models for Hepatitis B Infections - Duck Hepatitis 1021
124 Woodchuck Model of Hepatitis B Virus Infection 1033
125 Animal Models of Papillomavirus Infections 1039
126 Adult Mouse Model for Rotavirus 1049
127 Animal Models for Lentivirus Infections - Feline Immunodeficiency Virus 1055
128 Animal Models of HIV Infection: SIV Infection of Macaques 1061
129 The SCID-hu Thy-Liv Mouse: an Animal Model for HIV-1 Infection 1069
130 Animal Models for HIV Infection: hu-PBL-SCID Mice 1077
131 Chimpanzee Model of HIV-1 Infection 1085