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Table of Contents:

1 Cellular Mechanisms Involved in the Modulation of the Immune System by Drugs of Abuse 1
2 Immunomodulation of Macrophage Functions by Opioids 13
3 Morphine Accelerates the Progression of Sepsis in an Experimental Sepsis Model 21
4 Morphine Depresses Macrophage Numbers and Function in Mouse Spleens 33
5 Centrally-Mediated Opioid-Induced Immunosuppression: Elucidation of Sympathetic Nervous System Involvement 43
6 The Expression of Interleukin-1[beta] Converting Enzyme (ICE) in Rat Is Decreased following Chronic Exposure to Morphine 51
7 Opioid Receptor Gene Expression in the Porcine Immune System 59
8 The Effects of Interaction between Morphine and Interleukin-1 on the Immune Response 67
9 Morphine Alters the Immune Response to Influenza Virus Infection in Lewis Rats 73
10 Orphan Opioid Receptor Oligonucleotides Inhibit HIV-1 Expression in Human Brain Cells 83
11 Opiate Effects on in Vitro Human Retroviral Infection 91
12 FIV: A Lentivirus Model for Opiate Effects on Disease 101
13 Changes in Kappa Opioid Receptor Expression during Maturation of Mouse Lymphocytes 117
14 Modulation of DPK Cell Function by the Kappa Opioid Agonist U50,488H 125
15 Properties of [mu][subscript 3] Opiate Alkaloid Receptors in Macrophages, Astrocytes, and HL-60 Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells 137
16 Morphine during Pregnancy in the Rat: Studies of Cellular Immunity in Cross-Fostered Offspring 149
17 Western Blot Analysis of the Delta ([delta])-Opioid Receptor in Activated Murine T Cells 159
18 Morphine's Immunologic and Analgesic Effects: Comparison of Time Course 169
19 Immunomodulation Mediated by Microinjection of Morphine into the Periaqueductal Gray Matter of the Mesencephalon 177
20 Novel Non-Peptidic Opioid Compounds with Immunopotentiating Effects 183
21 Cocaine-Induced Release of Corticosterone Mediates Differential Effects on T-Helper1 and T-Helper2 Cell Responses 189
22 Cocaine Enhances Monocyte Migration across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Cocaine's Connection to AIDS Dementia and Vasculitis? 199
23 The Role of Macrophages in THC-Induced Alteration of the Cytokine Network 207
24 Cannabinoid Receptors and the Cytokine Network 215
25 Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists Enhance Syncytia Formation in MT-2 Cells Infected with Cell Free HIV-1[subscript MN] 223
26 Cannabinoids Alter Neurotoxicity Produced by Interleukin-6 in Central Nervous System Neurons 231
27 Viral and Host Determinants of Neurovirulence of HIV-1 Infection 241
28 Immunity and Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: A Pilot Study in Human Adolescents 255
29 Isobutyl Nitrite Liberates Nitric Oxide Which Is Not Responsible for the Immunotoxicity of the Inhalant 265
30 The Role of Norepinephrine and Beta-2-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation in the Modulation of TH1, TH2, and B Lymphocyte Function 269
31 Nicotine-Induced Modulation of T Cell Function: Implications for Inflammation and Infection 279
32 Regulated Expression of an Endopeptidase that Hydrolyses [beta]-Endorphin during Differentiation of Macrophages and T Cells 291
33 Cytokine Induction during Methionine Enkephalin and AZT Therapy for Murine Retrovirus Infection 301
Index 307