Anesthesiology Review

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Author: Ronald J. Faust
Published: September 2001
Publisher: Elsevier Science
ISBN: 0443066019
Paperback Book
Number of Pages: 595

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Anesthesiology Review

"...a collection of 'key words' designed to help anesthesia residents study for the In-Training Exam of the ABA... contains short reviews of various topics to aid either the resident or the anesthesiologist seeking recertification." Appropriate for: Anesthesiology Residents, Medical Students. This is the New Edition of the world's best-selling review book on anesthesiology, combining comprehensive coverage of essential knowledge with an easy-to-use format. Its in-depth, yet succinct discussions cover all topic areas found on the ABA/ASA exam and make it the ideal way for readers to master the information they need to know.
Faust, Ronald J., MD; Cucchiara, Roy F., MD; Rose, Steven H., MD; Spackman, Thomas N., MD; Wedel, Denise J., MD; Wass, C. Thomas, MD

Table of Contents
Physiologic Sciences
1 Pulmonary Function Test Interpretation 3
2 Factors Affecting Pulmonary Compliance and Airway Resistance 6
3 Effect of Surfactant on Lung Mechanics 8
4 Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation and Perfusion 9
5 Clinical Implications of the Alveolar Gas Equation 12
6 Measurement and Implications of Qs/Qt 14
7 Oxygen Transport 16
8 Carbon Dioxide Dissociation Curve 18
9 Interpretation of Arterial Blood Gases 20
10 Blood Gas Temperature Correction 22
11 Central Regulation of Ventilation 24
12 Physiologic Effects of Hyper- and Hypocarbia 26
13 Sodium 28
14 Potassium 31
15 Calcium 34
16 Electrolyte Abnormalities: Magnesium 37
17 Cardiac Cycle: Control and Synchronicity 39
18 Physiologic Determinants of Cardiac Output 41
19 Myocardial Oxygen Supply and Demand 44
20 Monitoring Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation 47
21 Pulmonary Hypertension 48
22 Bradyarrhythmias 50
23 Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias 52
24 Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias 55
25 Factors Affecting Cerebral Blood Flow and Its Autoregulation 57
26 Anesthetic Agents and the Electroencephalogram 60
27 Somatosensory Evoked Potential Monitoring 64
28 Physiology of Neuromuscular Transmission 67
29 Endocrine Factors Affecting Neuromuscular Block 69
30 The Sympathetic Nervous System: Anatomy and Receptor Pharmacology 71
31 The Parasympathetic Nervous System: Anatomy and Receptor Pharmacology 75
32 Mechanisms of Hepatic Drug Metabolism and Excretion 78
33 Hepatic Physiology and Preoperative Evaluation 80
34 Renal Physiology 83
35 Renal Function Tests 85
36 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Restrictive Lung Disease 87
37 Preparation for Anesthesia: Tobacco and Caffeine Withdrawal 89
38 Thermoregulation and Perioperative Hypothermia 91
39 Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Anesthesia 93
40 Cardiovascular Effects of the Inhalation Agents 96
41 Central Nervous System Effects of the Inhalation Agents 99
42 Renal Effects of the Inhalation Agents 103
43 Hepatic Effects of the Inhalation Agents 105
44 Nitrous Oxide 107
45 Factors Affecting Anesthetic Gas Uptake 110
46 Minimum Alveolar Concentration 112
47 Effect of Intracardiac Shunts on Inhalation Induction 115
48 Concentration Effect and Second Gas Effect 117
49 Thiopental 119
50 Propofol 122
51 Ketamine 124
52 Opioid Pharmacology 126
53 Cardiovascular Effects of Narcotics 128
54 Perioperative Narcotic Problems: Muscle Rigidity and Biliary Colic 130
55 Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs 132
56 Succinylcholine Side Effects 134
57 Prolongation of Succinylcholine Effect 137
58 Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants 139
59 Nonrelaxant Side Effects of Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants 142
60 Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, and Edrophonium 145
61 Atropine, Scopolamine, and Glycopyrrolate Pharmacology 147
62 Sodium Bicarbonate 149
63 Vasopressors and Inotropes 151
64 Nitroglycerin 154
65 Sodium Nitroprusside 156
66 Deliberate Hypotension 158
67 Calcium Channel Blockers 161
68 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors and Anesthesia 163
69 Benzodiazepines 165
70 Antiemetic Agents 167
71 Anti-Aspiration Drugs 169
72 Diuretics 172
73 Bronchodilators 174
74 Effect of pKa, pH, and Protein Binding 176
75 Anaphylactic and Anaphylactoid Reactions 178
Physical Sciences
76 Coronary Circulation and the Myocardial Conduction System 182
77 Cerebral Circulation 185
78 Anatomy of the Posterior Fossa 189
79 Spinal Cord Anatomy and Blood Supply 191
80 The Autonomic Nervous System 194
81 Central Venous Cannulation: Anatomy and Complications 196
82 Anatomy of the Larynx 199
83 Brachial Plexus Anatomy 202
84 Transesophageal Echocardiography: Anatomical Considerations 204
85 Transesophageal Echocardiography: Intraoperative Uses 208
86 Medical Gas Cylinders: Physics, Handling Safety, Pin Indexing 210
87 Flowmeters: Physics of Gas Flow 213
88 Vaporizers 216
89 Closed-Circuit Anesthesia 218
90 Carbon Dioxide Absorption 220
91 Causes of Carbon Dioxide Retention in Anesthetic Breathing Systems 222
92 Capnography 224
93 Disconnect Monitors 227
94 Pulse Oximetry 229
95 Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy 232
96 Direct Arterial Pressure Monitoring 235
97 Pitfalls of Pulmonary Artery Pressure Monitoring 238
98 Effect of Cardiac Function on Central Venous Pressure 240
99 Factors Affecting Thermodilution Cardiac Output 242
100 Hemodynamic Monitoring for Patients with COPD 244
101 Line Isolation Monitors: Leakage Currents 247
102 Microshock Hazards 249
103 Laser Combustion 250
104 Physics And Physiology of Neuromuscular Monitoring 252
Clinical Sciences
105 Preemptive Analgesia and Perioperative Pain Control 257
106 Patient-Controlled Analgesia 260
107 Epidural Steroid Injection 262
108 Pain Therapy for Patients with Cancer 264
109 Neuraxial Opioids 267
110 Celiac Plexus Block 269
111 Lumbar Sympathetic Block 272
112 Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 275
113 Postherpetic Neuralgia 277
114 Stellate Ganglion Block 279
115 Postoperative Headache 281
116 Local Anesthetics: Mechanisms of Action 283
117 Local Anesthetic Pharmacology 285
118 Toxicity of Local Anesthetics 288
119 Local Anesthetic Preservatives 291
120 Cocaine Pharmacology 293
121 Spinal Anesthesia 295
122 Epidural Anesthesia 298
123 Combined Spinal-Epidural Blockade 301
124 Neuraxial Anesthesia and Anticoagulation 303
125 Upper Extremity Blocks 307
126 Lower Extremity Blocks 311
127 Lower Extremity Block: Psoas Compartment Block 316
128 Nerve Block at the Ankle 319
129 Retrobulbar Blocks 321
130 Regional Anesthesia and Pain Relief in Children 324
131 Bronchopleural Fistula 327
132 Pneumo-, Hemo-, and Chylothorax 328
133 Double-Lumen Endotracheal Tubes 330
134 One-Lung Ventilation and Methods of Improving Oxygenation 333
135 High-Frequency Ventilation 335
136 Preoperative Evaluation of the Patient with Cardiac Disease 337
137 Pacemakers 340
138 Automatic Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator 343
139 Detection and Treatment of Perioperative Acute Coronary Syndromes 346
140 Anticoagulation and Reversal for Cardiopulmonary Bypass 349
141 Evaluation of the Coagulation System 350
142 Causes of Intraoperative Bradycardia 353
143 Aortic Stenosis 355
144 Heart Failure: Classification, Compensation, and Therapy 357
145 Neonatal Cardiovascular Physiology 359
146 Congenital Heart Disease: Congestive Heart Failure 362
147 Anesthesia for Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Other Neonatal Cardiovascular Problems 364
148 Cardiopulmonary Bypass 367
149 Anesthesia for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Procedures 369
150 Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass and Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass 371
151 Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump 374
152 Increased Intracranial Pressure 376
153 Anesthesia for Hypophysectomy 379
154 Carotid Endarterectomy 381
155 Cerebral Aneurysm Surgery 383
156 Cerebral Protection 385
157 Anesthesia for the Sitting Position 387
158 Physiology and Treatment of Venous Air Embolism 389
159 Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury 392
160 Autonomic Hyperreflexia 394
161 Prematurity: Anesthetic Risks 396
162 The Infant Airway Versus the Adult Airway 399
163 Congenital Pediatric Airway Problems 401
164 Effects of High Maternal Oxygen Concentrations on the Fetus 403
165 Fluid Management in Infants 405
166 Meconium Aspiration 407
167 Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia 409
168 Other Neonatal Emergencies: Tracheoesophageal Fistula, Omphalocele 411
169 Pediatric Neuromuscular Disorders 413
170 Pyloric Stenosis 415
171 VATER Association and Trisomy-21 417
172 Croup Versus Epiglottitis 419
173 Neuromuscular Blockers in Neonates 421
174 Pediatric Breathing Circuits 423
175 Maternal Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy 426
176 Nonobstetric Surgery During Pregnancy 428
177 Anesthesia for the Patient with Preeclampsia 430
178 Maternal Diabetes: Neonatal Effects 432
179 The Pregnant Patient with Cardiac Disease 434
180 Drugs Affecting the Uterus: Tocolytics and Oxytocics 436
181 Analgesia for Labor 438
182 Fetal Monitoring 441
183 Analgesia for Cesarean Section 444
184 Neonatal Resuscitation 446
185 Peripartum Hemorrhage 449
186 Type, Screen, and Crossmatch and Emergency Blood Group Switching 451
187 Red Blood Cell Transfusion 453
188 Massive Transfusion 456
189 Infectious Transfusion Risks 458
190 Occupational Transmission of Blood-Borne Pathogens 460
191 Autotransfusion 463
192 Indications and Risks of Platelet Transfusion 465
193 Albumin, Hetastarch, and Pentastarch 467
194 Nonhemolytic Transfusion Reactions 470
195 Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions 472
196 Sickle Cell Anemia: Anesthetic Implications 474
197 Issues in Ambulatory Anesthesia 477
198 Positioning 480
199 Management of the Difficult Airway 482
200 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 485
201 Anticholinesterase and Anticholinergic Poisoning 486
202 Malignant Hyperthermia 488
203 Myasthenia Gravis and Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome 490
204 Anesthesia for Myotonic Dystrophy 493
205 Anesthesia for Patients with Epilepsy 495
206 Morbid Obesity and Anesthesia 498
207 Anesthetic Implications of Thyrotoxicosis and Thyroid Storm 501
208 Anesthesia for Patients with Chronic Renal Failure 504
209 Anesthesia for Patients with Carcinoid Tumors 506
210 Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy 508
211 Anesthesia for Laryngeal Surgery 510
212 Anesthesia for Bronchoscopy 513
213 Anesthesia for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 517
214 Hyperosmolar Coma 519
215 Anesthesia for Patients with Hepatocellular Disease 521
216 Acute and Chronic Alcoholism and Anesthesia 523
217 Anesthesia for Liver Transplantation 525
218 Anesthesia for Tubal Ligation 527
219 Complications of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate 529
220 Anesthesia for Electroconvulsive Therapy 531
221 Anesthesia for MRI 533
222 Strabismus Surgery 535
223 Oculocardiac Reflex 536
224 Anesthesia for Drug Abusers 537
225 Chemical Dependency in Anesthesia Personnel 539
226 Medical Ethics 541
227 Awareness Under Anesthesia 543
228 Eye Complications 545
229 Complications of Endotracheal Intubation 547
230 Pulmonary Embolism: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment 549
231 Intraoperative Wheezing: Etiology and Treatment 551
232 Evaluation of Prolonged Postoperative Arousal 553
233 Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting 556
234 Latex Allergy 559
235 Medical Legal Principles: Medical Negligence 562
236 Perioperative Pulmonary Aspiration 564
237 Perioperative Neuropathies in the Upper Extremities 566
238 Perioperative Neuropathies in the Lower Extremities 569
Index 571

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