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Ch. 1 The history of fetal surveillance 3
Ch. 2 Maternal-fetal surveillance within the European Community 11
Ch. 3 Perinatal loss and appropriate fetal surveillance 16
Ch. 4 Methodological issues in the assessment of maternal risk factors for fetal distress 27
Ch. 5 Antepartum risk scores 34
Ch. 6 Combining evidence from controlled clinical trials 47
Ch. 7 Measuring the cost-effectiveness of assessing fetal wellbeing 58
Ch. 8 The role of developmental pathology in fetal surveillance 64
Ch. 9 Endpoints of fetal condition and neonatal assessment 70
Ch. 10 Pathophysiology of preeclampsia and fetal outcome 79
Ch. 11 Maternal diabetes and fetal surveillance 95
Ch. 12 Systemic diseases with adverse effects on fetal outcome 104
Ch. 13 Prevention and treatment of preterm labour 115
Ch. 14 Surveillance of prolonged pregnancy 123
Ch. 15 Prevention of intrauterine fetal death by fetal surveillance 128
Ch. 16 Abruptio placentae and fetal distress 135
Ch. 17 Congenital anomalies and fetal distress 142
Ch. 18 Meconium staining of amniotic fluid 148
Ch. 19 The profile of perinatal risk factors 151
Ch. 20 The effect of anaesthesia on fetal condition 158
Ch. 21 Fetal risks in multiple pregnancies 163
Ch. 22 Twin to twin transfusion syndrome 169
Ch. 23 Fetal motility and fetal behaviour 183
Ch. 24 The rationale and irrationale of fetal stimulation 188
Ch. 25 Sequential changes in Doppler waveform, fetal heart rate and movement patterns in IUGR fetuses 193
Ch. 26 Acquisition of fetal heart rate signals 203
Ch. 27 Factors influencing the fetal heart rate 211
Ch. 28 Fetal heart rate (FHR) interpretation during the antepartum period 221
Ch. 29 The contraction stress test revisited 230
Ch. 30 Fetal heart rate patterns during labour 238
Ch. 31 Fetal heart rate monitoring during the second stage of labour 271
Ch. 32 Pitfalls in FHR monitoring 277
Ch. 33 Application of kinetocardiotocography 287
Ch. 34 Fetal arrhythmias 297
Ch. 35 Domiciliary fetal monitoring by telephone 303
Ch. 36 Computerized fetal heart rate analysis 311
Ch. 37 The Porto system 315
Ch. 38 Spectral analysis: a method for quantitating fetal heart rate variability 325
Ch. 39 Automated antepartum baseline FHR determination and detection of accelerations and decelerations 333
Ch. 40 Analysis of fetal heart rate in frequency domain 349
Ch. 41 Assessment of antepartum fetal heart rate tracings using neural networks 354
Ch. 42 Application of neural networks for intrapartum surveillance 363
Ch. 43 Acquisition and processing of the antepartum FECG 371
Ch. 44 The P wave and the PR interval 381
Ch. 45 The ST waveform 388
Ch. 46 Instruments for phonography and future potentials 399
Ch. 47 Fetal biophysical profile scoring: current assessment 411
Ch. 48 A practical modification of the fetal biophysical profile 424
Ch. 49 Ultrasonographic placental volume measurement to predict fetal outcome 430
Ch. 50 Screening and assessment of fetal growth 437
Ch. 51 Transvaginal color doppler in early pregnancy 453
Ch. 52 Normal flow patterns during pregnancy 461
Ch. 53 Pathophysiologic backgrounds of changes in doppler flow indices 470
Ch. 54 Absent or reversed end diastolic velocities in the umbilical artery waveform 483
Ch. 55 Intrauterine growth retardation and the role of the "lower limb reflex" in circulatory redistribution 493
Ch. 56 Doppler ultrasound in twins 502
Ch. 57 Intracardiac measurements 507
Ch. 58 Fetal heart rate monitoring versus doppler flow measurements 511
Ch. 59 Doppler investigation of the umbilical and fetal circulation in the appropriate and small for gestational age fetus 515
Ch. 60 Placental hormones and proteins 527
Ch. 61 Fetal blood sampling during pregnancy: risks and diagnostic advantages 537
Ch. 62 Intrapartum fetal asphyxia 542
Ch. 63 Intermittent fetal blood analysis during labour 548
Ch. 64 Fetal tcPO[subscript 2] and tcPCO[subscript 2] monitoring 555
Ch. 65 Continuous pO[subscript 2] and pH 562
Ch. 66 Fetal pulse oximetry 567
Ch. 67 Fetal scalp circulation as recorded by laser Doppler flowmetry 577
Ch. 68 Monitoring fetal scalp heat flux 583
Ch. 69 Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy 588
Ch. 70 Acid base balance at birth 595
Ch. 71 Perinatal brain damage, excitatory amino acids and oxygen derived free radicals 604
Ch. 72 Development and use of near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) for perinatal applications 615
Ch. 73