Essential Medical Ophthalmology: A Problem Oriented Approach

Published: May 2001
Publisher: Elsevier Science
ISBN: 0750649372
Paperback Book
Number of Pages: 304

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Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Sect. 1 Fundi 1
1.1 Diabetic maculopathy 3
1.2 Preproliferative retinopathy 7
1.3 Proliferative retinopathy 10
1.4 Hypertensive retinopathy 14
1.5 Retinal macroaneurysm 17
1.6 Branch retinal vein occlusion 19
1.7 Exudative retinal detachments secondary to hypertension 23
1.8 Retinal cholesterol embolus 25
1.9 Branch retinal artery occlusion 28
1.10 The ocular ischaemic syndrome 30
1.11 Central retinal vein occlusion 32
1.12 Bilateral central retinal vein occlusions in leukaemia 34
1.13 Sickle cell retinopathy 37
1.14 Roth spots in bacterial endocarditis 40
1.15 HIV microvasculopathy 42
1.16 Cytomegalovirus retinitis 44
1.17 Acute retinal necrosis 48
1.18 Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis 50
1.19 Retinal vasculitis 53
1.20 Behcet's retinal vasculitis 57
1.21 Ocular lymphoma 60
1.22 Tuberculous chorioretinitis 62
1.23 Syphilitic chorioretinitis 65
1.24 Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome 67
1.25 Choroidal metastases and tamoxifen retinopathy 69
1.26 Retinal angiomas in von Hippel-Lindau disease 72
1.27 Astrocytoma 75
1.28 Retinitis pigmentosa 77
1.29 Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy 79
Sect. 2 Optic Discs 81
2.1 Papilloedema: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension 83
2.2 Pseudopapilloedema secondary to optic disc drusen 86
2.3 Demyelinating optic neuritis 89
2.4 Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy 93
2.5 Giant cell arteritis 96
2.6 Glaucomatous disc cupping 99
Sect. 3 Ocular Motility and Lid Disorders 101
3.1 IIIrd nerve palsy 103
3.2 IVth nerve palsy 106
3.3 VIth nerve palsy 109
3.4 Lower motor neurone VIIIth nerve palsy 112
3.5 Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia 115
3.6 Myasthenia gravis 117
3.7 Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia 120
3.8 Thyroid eye disease 123
3.9 Progressive supranuclear palsy 125
3.10 Carotid-cavernous sinus fistula 127
Sect. 4 Visual Fields 131
4.1 Bilateral centrocecal scotomas 133
4.2 Junctional scotoma 135
4.3 Bitemporal hemianopia 136
4.4 Optic tract lesion 140
4.5 Incongruous hemianopia secondary to a parietal lobe lesion 141
4.6 Complete homonomous hemianopia with macular sparing 143
Sect. 5 Faces 145
5.1 Acromegaly 147
5.2 Graves' disease 149
5.3 Hypothyroidism 153
5.4 Cushing's syndrome 155
5.5 Systemic lupus erythematosus 158
5.6 Wegener's granulomatosis 161
5.7 Parkinson's disease 164
5.8 Myotonic dystrophy 167
Sect. 6 Hands 169
6.1 Rheumatoid hands 171
6.2 Psoriatic nail pitting 175
6.3 Sclerodactyly 177
6.4 Arachnodactyly 179
6.5 Clubbing 181
6.6 Acromegalic hands 183
6.7 Tendon xanthomata 185
6.8 Syringomyelia 187
6.9 Motor neurone disease 189
Sect. 7 Skin Lesions 191
7.1 Cafe au lait spots and neurofibromata 193
7.2 Ash leaf spots 195
7.3 Pemphigoid and ocular cicatricial pemphigoid 196
7.4 Erythema multiforme 199
7.5 Pseudoxanthoma elasticum 201
7.6 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 203
7.7 Erythema nodosum and pretibial myxoedema 204
7.8 Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum and diabetic dermopathy 206
7.9 Herpes zoster ophthalmicus 210
7.10 Kaposi's sarcoma 212
Sect. 8 Biochemistry and Haematology 213
8.1 Urea and electrolytes: renal failure 215
8.2 Urea and electrolytes: Addison's disease 217
8.3 Liver function tests: cirrhosis 219
8.4 Thyroid function tests: thyrotoxicosis 221
8.5 Thyroid function tests: hypothyroidism 223
8.6 Fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance tests 224
8.7 HbA[subscript 1C] 225
8.8 Diabetes and hypertension 228
8.9 Full blood count: acute lymphocytic leukaemia 230
8.10 Full blood count: pernicious anaemia 232
8.11 Clotting screen: excessive anticoagulation with warfarin 234
8.12 Clotting screen: inadequately treated haemophilia 236
Sect. 9 Radiology 237
9.1 Angiogram of a posterior communicating artery aneurysm and intracavernous carotid aneurysm 239
9.2 CT scans of occipital lobe infarct and occipital lobe haemorrhage 241
9.3 Demyelination on a T[subscript 2]-weighted MRI 244
9.4 Sellar and suprasellar lesions 246
9.5 Cerebellar infarcts MRI 249
9.6 Sphenoid ridge meningioma 252
9.7 MRI of a chiasmal glioma and CT scan of bilateral nerve sheath meningiomas 254
9.8 CT scan of bilateral acoustic neuromas 257
9.9 Orbital MRI and CT scans of thyroid eye disease 259
9.10 CT scan of orbital cellulitis 262
9.11 Multiple lytic skull lesions in myeloma 265
9.12 Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy 267
9.13 Barium follow through: Crohn's disease 269
9.14 Osteoporosis: T10 crush fracture 271
Sect. 10 Electrodiagnostics 275
10.1 ECG: acute myocardial infarction 277
10.2 ECG: 2:1 heart block 279
10.3 Repetitive nerve stimulation: myasthenia gravis 281
10.4 Visually evoked potentials: optic neuritis 283
10.5 Nystagmus waveform: congenital idiopathic nystagmus 286
Index 289

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