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Contributing Authors
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 General and Comparative Anatomy of the Cerebral Circulation 3
2 The Blood Vessel Wall: Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells 30
3 Perivascular Nerves in Brain Vessels 43
4 Ion Channels in Cerebral Arteries 71
5 Pharmacomechanical Coupling in Cerebrovascular Smooth Muscle 88
6 Endothelial Regulation 107
7 The Blood-Brain Barrier: Permeability, Substrate Transport, and Drug and Gene Targeting 119
8 Energy Generation in the Central Nervous System 140
9 Neurotransmitters: Metabolic and Vascular Effects 162
10 Neurovascular Control of the Cerebral Circulation 172
11 Catecholamines 191
12 Neuropeptide Y 212
13 Acetylcholine 222
14 Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide 248
15 Neuropeptides 256
16 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Its Receptors 283
17 Nitric Oxide 295
18 Purines, Purine Nucleotides, and Pyrimidine Nucleotides 311
19 Prostaglandins and Other Eicosanoids 325
20 Endothelin 339
21 Histamine 354
22 Cytokines 362
23 Measuring Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 371
24 Changes in Arterial Gas Tension 384
25 Autoregulation: Arterial and Intracranial Pressure 395
26 Functional Brain Imaging 413
27 Molecular Mechanisms of Ischemic Brain Damage 423
28 Neuroprotection in Stroke Therapy 452
29 Primary Neurovascular Headache: Migraine and Cluster Headache from a Physiologic Perspective 457
30 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Extravasation of Blood in the Subarachnoid Space 466
31 Aging and Dementia 480
Subject Index 497