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Table of Contents:

Contributing Authors
Preface
Sect. I Basic Principles 1
1 Principles of Ultrasound 3
2 Emerging Technologies in Echocardiography 11
3 Transesophageal Echocardiographic Training and Performance Standards 21
4 Safety of Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography 25
5 The Comprehensive Intraoperative Multiplane Transesophageal Echocardiographic Examination 37
6 Artifacts and Imaging Errors in Transesophageal Echocardiography 51
Sect. II Clinical Applications: Fundamental Concepts 61
7 Ventricular Function 63
8 Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Mitral Valve 79
9 Aortic Valve 115
10 Assessment of the Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valves 137
11 Echocardiographic Evaluation of Prosthetic Valves 157
12 Native Valve Endocarditis 181
13 Echocardiographic Evaluation of Intracardiac Masses and Septal Defects 191
14 Echocardiographic Evaluation of Pericardial Disease 203
15 Transesophageal Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Aorta and Pulmonary Artery 215
Sect. III Problem-Oriented Case Discussions: Application of the Fundamental Concepts to Clinical Scenarios 245
16 Transesophageal Echocardiography and Surgical Devices: Cannulas, Catheters, Intraaortic Balloon Pumps, Ventricular Assist Devices, and Occluders 247
17 Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis 261
18 Congestive Heart Failure (Hemodynamic Instability) 283
19 Mitral Valve Evaluation of the Patient with Ischemic Heart Disease 299
20 Transesophageal Echocardiographic Evaluation of Prosthetic Valve Dysfunction 319
21 Native Aortic Valve Endocarditis 335
22 Echocardiographic Assessment of Aortic Dissection 345
23 Aortic Atherosclerosis 355
24 Diagnosis of Myocardial Ischemia 365
25 Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy 379
26 The Use of Transesophageal Echocardiography During Endovascular Stent-Graft Exclusion of Thoracic Aneurysms and Dissections 401
27 Critical Care and Trauma 413
Pt. I Critical Care
Pt. II Trauma
28 Lung Transplantation 425
Subject Index 439