Immunology and Blood Transfusion

Author: C. Th Smit-Sibinga
Published: August 1993
Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers
ISBN: 0792323807
Hardcover Book
Number of Pages: 296

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In transfusion medicine the scientific fundamentals of immunology have shown considerable clinical impact. Transfusion may suppress the immunity but some patients could suffer disadvantages including GvHD, alloimmunisation and possibly cancer, where white cells (WBC) play pivotal roles in this phenomenon, presenting antigens and producing cytokines. A clinical application of this practice is LAK-cells targeted against cancer. MHC on the WBC may provide additional immunological modulations through series of secondary messengers. Thus reduction of WBC in the blood and bone marrow may be advantageous for patients. On the other hand sharing a part of MHC or making the transplanted white cells anergic by storage may be even more advantageous for patients. CMV infection could mimic part of this MHC. UV radiations are effective for inactivation of the WBC although filters are easy means for such removal. However, their accurate quantification requires flow cytometry that has considerable potential application in blood transfusions. Idiotypic antibodies could play an important role in platelet therapy. But, the potential infection risks in transfusion like HIV and HCV remain, and application of molecular biological methods like PCR or RT/PCR has great potential in detection of infectious diseases, transplantation and genetic disorders. Immuno affinity purified concentrate like factor IX and protein C could reduce patients' immune functions, where in the future protein C could be derived from transgenic animals. Advances would surely emerge through adoptive immunotherapy; and gene therapies are exciting prospects when genes transferred into lymphocytes could be used to correct cell mediated immune deficiency as in ADA. Not only the students of Hematology, Blood Transfusion and Immunology would benefit from this book; there is plenty of expertise for the specialists.

Table of Contents:

Moderators and Speakers
Foreword
Cytokines and Cell Mediated Immunology 3
Transfusion-induced Immune Tolerance 11
Potential Involvement of Free Radical Reactions in Inactivating Antigen Presenting Cells by Ultraviolet-B Irradiation 21
Alloimmunization and Platelet Transfusion Refractoriness 37
Graft-versus-host Disease 45
Anti-idiotypic Regulation of the Alloimmune Response in Patients Transfused with Platelet Concentrates 57
Options for Prevention of T Cell Alloactivation by Blood Transfusions 77
Use of Monoclonal Antibodies for Immune Purging in Bone Marrow Transplantation 85
Reduction of the Immunogenic Capacity of Blood Components for the Prevention of Alloimmunization to White Cells 99
The Effect of Platelets in Red Cell Concentrates on the Leukocyte Depletion Capacity of Leukocyte Depletion Filters 109
Leukocyte Depletion of Red Cell Preparations: Fourth Filter Generation Leads to 4log Reduction. How Far Can/Should We Go? 121
Immune Targeting of T-lymphocytes 129
Humoral Functions of Immunoglobulin: Relationship to Purification Technology of Intravenous Immunoglobulin 137
Immune Adsorption Chromatography for Protein Purification 151
Immunological Principles in Routine Quality Control Immunocharacteristics and Function Tests 173
The Emerging Role of MHC Molecules as Signal Transducing Receptors 187
Flow Cytometry in Transfusion Medicine 195
New Applications of Molecular Diagnostics in Laboratory Test Systems 219
Prospects and Limitations of Adoptive Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy 239
Clinical Strategies for the Prevention of Platelet Alloimmunization 245
Immune Mediated Transfusion Reactions: Bystander Immune Cytolysis - A Frequently Overlooked Mechanism of Hemolysis? 255
Blood Transfusion and Cancer: Modulation or Tolerance? 261
Blood Product Induced Immunomodulation and Its Clinical Consequences 275
Transfusion Medicine and Immunological Research: Perspective for the Future 285
Index 297

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