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Preface
List of Contributors
1 Clinical relevance 3
2 Renal handling of drugs and xenobiotics 13
3 Immunologically-mediated toxin-induced renal diseases 31
4 Cellular mechanisms of nephrotoxity 39
5 Experimental models 61
5.A Animal models for the assessment of acute renal dysfunction and injury 63
5.B The isolated perfused rat kidney model in experimental renal injury 77
5.C Methods to evaluate the renal microcirculation 82
5.D Isolated proximal tubular segment experiments in the study of nephrotoxic acute renal failure 87
5.E Cell culture models for the assessment of acute renal dysfunction and injury 94
Introduction: Anti-infectious agents 103
6 Aminoglycosides and vancomycin 105
7 The renal toxicity of beta-lactam antibiotics: Mechanisms and clinical implications 121
8 Amphotericin B 135
9 Miscellaneous drugs with nephrotoxic potential 153
10 Antiviral agents 175
Introduction: Analgesic related renal injury 187
11 Analgesics 189
12 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Effects on kidney function 203
13 5-Aminosalicyclic acid and chronic interstitial nephritis 217
14 Nephrotoxicity of gold salts, D-penicillamine, and allopurinol 223
15 Renal injury from angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors 239
16 Diuretics 251
17 Anticancer: Cisplatin/carboplatin 261
Introduction: Immunosuppressive drugs 273
18 Cyclosporine/tacrolimus (FK-506) 275
19 OKT3 Nephrotoxicity: From acute tubular necrosis to hemolytic uremic syndrome 301
20 Cytokine associated renal dysfunction: Interleukins and interferons 311
21 Contrast associated nephropathy: Presentation, pathophysiology and management 317
Introduction: Environmental nephrotoxins 333
22 Lead nephropathy 335
23 Cadmium-induced renal effects in the general environment 345
24 Mercury 363
25 Role of environmental/occupational exposure to organic solvents, silicon-containing compounds and pesticides in the development and progression of renal disease 371
26 Lithium and the kidney 383
27 Renal disease associated with illicit drug abuse 397
28 Renal toxicity of anesthetic agents 413
29 Nephrotoxicity of herbal remedies and trace elements used as food additives 419
30 Balkan nephropathy 425
31 Urinary biomarkers and nephrotoxicity 439
32 Principles of drug dosing in renal failure 465
33 Practical dosing 469
Index 479