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An in-depth reference which lays the groundwork for understanding constraints on the delivery of ophthalmic drugs, and surveys the delivery systems currently available or in various stages of research and development. The 21 chapters cover topics such as anterior and posterior segment microdialysis; ocular drug delivery; ophthalmic formulation design; treatment of retino-choroidal and retinal degenerative diseases; and the latest strategies in gene therapy, ocular microdialysis, vitreous drug disposition modeling, and receptor/transporter targeted drug delivery. For professionals or advanced students in medicine, veterinary medicine, pharmaceuticals, regulatory agencies, and related fields.

Table of Contents:

Foreword
Preface
Contributors
I Fundamental Considerations
1 Overview of Ocular Drug Delivery 1
2 Membrane Transport Processes in the Eye 13
3 General Considerations in Ocular Drug Delivery 59
II Transport Models in Ocular Drug Delivery
4 Ocular Drug Transfer Following Systemic Drug Administration 109
5 Ocular Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 135
6 Mathematical Modeling of Drug Distribution in the Vitreous Humor 181
7 Anterior Segment Microdialysis 223
8 Posterior Segment Microdialysis 251
III Drug Delivery Systems
9 Ocular Penetration Enhancers 281
10 Corneal Collagen Shields for Ocular Drug Delivery 309
11 The Noncorneal Route in Ocular Drug Delivery 335
12 Ocular Iontophoresis 365
13 Mucoadhesive Polymers in Ophthalmic Drug Delivery 409
14 Microparticles and Nanoparticles in Ocular Drug Delivery 437
15 Dendrimers: An Innovative and Enhanced Ocular Drug Delivery System 467
16 Ocular Delivery and Therapeutics of Proteins and Peptides 493
17 Retinal Disease Models for Development of Drug and Gene Therapies 515
18 New Experimental Therapeutic Approaches for Degenerative Diseases of the Retina 535
19 Gene, Oligonucleotide, and Ribozyme Therapy in the Eye 609
IV Regulatory Aspects
20 Regulatory Considerations 663
21 Patent Considerations 695
Index 719