Kidney and Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus

Author: Carl Erik Mogensen
Published: April 2004
Publisher: Taylor & Francis, Inc.
ISBN: 1841844330
Hardcover Book
Number of Pages: 954

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This volume endeavors to cover all aspects of renal involvement in diabetes. It is written by colleagues who are themselves active in the many fields of medical research covered in this volume: epidemiology, physiology and pathophysiology, laboratory methodology and renal pathology. This third edition covers most aspects of renal involvement in diabetes mellitus, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, pathology, and clinical aspects. The purpose is to provide an update on issues in diabetic renal disease, with a focus on pressure- and metabolic-related changes, and to provide updated management guidelines. These worthy objectives are met. This book is aimed primarily at diabetologists and nephrologists, and it will be of interest to those involved with epidemiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacologic studies as well as clinicians. The editor is a highly cited author in the field and is a credible authority, as are the contributing authors. The book has black-and-white tables, figures, and graphs of appropriate quality and relevance. The references are pertinent and current through 1996. A selection of key references is a useful feature. This book is of high quality and represents a useful update in an important field. The complexities involved are highlighted, and this will perhaps provide an additional stimulus for further studies. The chapter on clinical preventive guidelines is particularly helpful. The third edition is likely to be a useful addition to libraries, medical bookstores, and the shelves of diabetologists and nephrologists. Since the first edition, this book has retained its position as a highly useful, comprehensive resource for information on diabetic kidney disease. The book is a collection of chapters written by over 50 contributors dealing with the pathogenesis, demographics, genetics, natural history, prevention, and therapy of diabetic kidney disease. The prior edition was published in 1998. The editor, a major contributor to our current understanding of diabetic renal disease, conceived this book to provide complete coverage of all aspects of renal involvement in diabetes. Considering the tremendous impact of diabetes on the healthcare system and particularly on the field of nephrology, this is a worthy objective. The list of contributors includes experts from nearly a dozen countries, predominantly European. This book is a valuable addition to the libraries of specialists in the fields of nephrology, hypertension, and diabetes. It is a good reference for internists, pediatricians, and other practitioners who wish to gain more insight as to the pathogenesis of diabetic renal disease, the rationale behind current treatment strategies, and future trends. With the explosion of research in the field of diabetic renal disease, updates and fresh discussions of potential new directions are necessary. Generally the chapters in this book are well written and extensively referenced. The topic of microalbuminuria is thoroughly covered: methods of measurements, value for screening, implications in terms of staging and progression of renal disease, inter-relationship with retinopathy, hypertension, and increased mortality from cardiovascular causes are discussed in detail. Antihypertensive therapy isreviewed in several chapters with good summaries of the voluminous data of multiple large trials. Pathogenesis, renal pathology, renal replacement therapies, and issues in drug development and regulation are conveyed clearly. Ample tables, graphs, and charts bolster the text. This book has some shortcomings. As commonly seen in multiauthored texts, contributors dealing with similar topics overlap in text content and even in graphic presentation. This is particularly true for contributors dealing with microalbuminuria. The grouping of chapters seems haphazard. Overall flow will be better served by positioning chapters on similar topics together. A reference on all aspects of renal involvement in diabetes, incorporating perspectives from fields of medical research including epidemiology, physiology and pathophysiology, laboratory methodology, and renal pathology. This third edition focuses on pressure-induced and metabolic related aberration in relation to genetic abnormalities and changes in developing fetal life. Other new subjects include lipidemia and retinopathy in diabetic renal disease, structural changes in NIDDM patients, and comparison of diabetic and non-diabetic renal disease. . Active researchers synthesize the current understanding of the renal involvement in diabetes, focusing on good glycemic control and the best possible anti-hypertensive treatment program to be implemented early in the process of diabetic nephropathy. Among the topics are how pressure induced and metabolic alterations in the glomerulus relates to cytokine activations and progressive sclerosis, the clinical course of renal disease in Caucasian NIDDM patients, the value of screening for microalbuminuria in people with diabetes as well as in the general population, the role of glomerular hemodynamic factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic glomerulopathy, the concept of incipient diabetic nephropathy and the effect of early anti-hypertensive interventions, the role of dietary protein intake in non-glycaemic intervention in diabetic nephropathy, and the latest intervention trials in hypertension and type 2 diabetes. The fifth edition has dropped 14 studies that were in the 1998 fourth. The production of the volume is sloppy, resulting in the awkward order of elements and at least one page being duplicated.

Table of Contents
1 Rationale for early screening for diabetic renal disease 1
2 Pressure-induced and metabolic alterations in the glomerulus : cytoskeletal changes 13
3 The Steno hypothesis for cardiovascular and renal disease revisited 27
4 Microalbuminuria and cardiovascular disease 45
5 The heart in diabetes : results of trials 63
6 Microalbuminuria and GFR in type 1 and type 2 diabetes 77
7 Serum creatinine and other measures of GFR in diabetes 107
8 Familiai factors in diabetic nephropathy 117
9 Genetics and diabetic nephropathy 129
10 Low birth weight and diabetic nephropathy 149
11 Effects of insulin on the cardiovascular system and the kidney 163
12 Value of screening for microalbuminuria in people with diabetes as well as in the general population 181
13 Dysfunction of the vascular endothelium and the development of renal and vascular complications in diabetes 197
14 Pathogenesis and management of bacterial urinary tract infections in adult patients with diabetes mellitus 223
15 Pathology of the kidney in diabetes mellitus 241
16 Renal structural changes in patients with type 1 diabetes and microalbuminuria 255
17 Renal structure in type 2 diabetes 271
18 Nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients, predictors of outcome 287
19 Advanced glycation end-products and diabetic renal disease 303
20 Protein kinase C activation and its inhibition for the treatment of diabetic renal pathologies 323
21 Biochemical aspects of diabetic nephropathy 341
22 Pathogenesis of diabetic glomerulopathy : the role of glomerular hemodynamic factors 363
23 The emerging role of growth factor hormone (GH) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic kidney disease 383
24 Transforming growth factor-[beta] and other cytokines in experimental and human diabetic nephropathy 397
25 Blood pressure elevation in diabetes : the results from 24-h ambulatory blood pressure recordings 433
26 Microalbuminuria in young patients with type 1 diabetes 457
27 Early renal hyperfunction and hypertrophy in IDDM, including comments on early intervention 479
28 Autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate in patients with diabetes 495
29 The role of renal biopsy in the clinic 515
30 Inhibition of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, with particular reference to the dual blockade principle 527
31 The concept of incipient diabetic nephropathy and the effect of early antihypertensive intervention 541
32 The role of proteinuria in the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes 555
33 Antihypertensive treatment in type 2 diabetes, with special reference to abnormal albuminuria : a focus on the new trials 579
34 Blood pressure lowering treatment and the prevention of stroke in the diabetic patient 611
35 Non-glycaemic intervention in diabetic nephropathy : the role of dietary protein and salt intake 631
36 Diabetic nephropathy and pregnancy 647
37 Evolution worldwide of renal replacement therapy in diabetes 687
38 Hemodialysis and CAPD in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients with endstage renal failure 703
39 Renal and pancreas transplants in diabetes 725
40 Combination therapy for hypertension and renal disease in diabetes 767
41 Microalbuminuria in essential hypertension : cardiovascular and renal implications 785
42 A comparison of progression in diabetic and non-diabetic renal disease : similarity of progression promoters 801
43 Scientific basis for new guidelines for the treatment of hypertension in type 2 diabetes 821
44 Regulatory considerations in the development of therapies for diabetic nephropathy and related conditions 837
45 Diabetes, hypertension, and kidney disease in the Pima Indians 857
46 The development and progression of clinical nephropathy in white patients with type 2 diabetes 871
47 Microalbuminuria, blood pressure and diabetic renal disease : origin and development of ideas 883

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