Eye Movement Integration Therapy: The Comprehensive Clinical Guide

Author: Danie Beaulieu
Published: October 2003
Publisher: Crown House Publishing
ISBN: 1904424155
Hardcover Book
Number of Pages: 500

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A psychologist in private practice in Quebec finds Eye Movement Integration (EMI) useful in accessing and integrating patients' traumatic memories. Dr. Beaulieu explains EMI's roots in neuro-linguistic programming and her refinement of this brief therapy method. Includes case examples, one of her research articles on EMI (undated), a client assessment questionnaire, and eye movement guide sheet. Well-referenced but lacks an index.

Table of Contents
Acknowledgments vii
Preface ix
Chapter 1 The Origin of EMI 1
Introduction 1
I The originators of EMI 6
II Roots of EMI: Neuro-Linguistic Programming 7
Representational systems 9
Accessing: eye movements as cues to information retrieval 10
Altering processing with accessing cues 12
Eye Movement Integration 13
III Refinement of EMI: the author's contributions 15
Experience and exploration: modification of EMI 15
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: influence on EMI 18
Impact Therapy: adjunct to EMI 21
The state of the art: EMI in practice 24
Chapter 2 The Application of EMI: Treatment of Traumatic Memories and their Consequences 25
Introduction 25
I The causes of psychological trauma 26
Defining trauma and traumatic stress 26
Research on the causes of psychological trauma 31
Biology of traumatic experience 35
II The consequences of traumatic memories 41
Extent of the problem 41
Psychological and emotional consequences 42
Intellectual costs 50
Physiological and health costs 52
Social and relationship costs 56
Financial and societal costs 58
III The treatment of distressing memories with EMI 59
The treatment dilemma 59
EMI treatment effects 62
Realistic expectations 65
Conclusions 67
Chapter 3 Eye Movements and the Mind 69
Introduction 69
I Clinical observations and preliminary research 70
Clinical observations 70
Preliminary research findings 73
II Eye movements and vision during wakefulness 75
Visual fixation 76
Smooth pursuit eye movements 77
Saccadic eye movements 78
III Eye movements and thought processes 79
Thought content and direction of gaze 79
Neuro-Linguistic Programming 80
Lateralization and integration 81
Visual-linguistic integration 86
IV Eye movements and psychological disorders 88
Schizophrenia 89
Other psychotic disorders 93
Physical disruption of the brain 95
V Eye movements in sleep 96
Sleep stages and eye movements 97
Sleep and mentation 99
Possible implications for EMI 104
VI Eye movements and therapeutic effects 105
EMDR 105
Two minds 108
VII Summary and implications for EMI 112
Conclusions 113
Chapter 4 Evaluation of the Client and His Social System 115
Introduction 115
I Evaluation of the client 116
Physical conditions 117
Psychological conditions 123
II Coping strategies of the client: past, present, and future 131
Past: established coping skills 132
Present: common defense mechanisms during therapy 135
Future: anticipating the client's reactions to EMI 144
III Evaluation of the family and social systems: obstacles and resources 148
Evolution of family and support networks 149
Influence of family and support networks on therapy 150
Post-treatment modification of family and support networks 152
IV Planning the treatment 153
Time requirements 153
Frequency of treatments 154
Defining limits for a single session 155
Other concurrent problems 155
Presence of others at therapy 157
Additional therapy and counseling 158
Chapter 5 Setting up the Therapy Session 159
I Preparation of the therapist 159
Position, attire, and voice 159
Focal point 161
Mental preparation 163
II Preparation of the client 164
Explaining the technique 164
Useful analogies 164
Creating and using a secure anchorage 169
Determining the visual range 176
A model of instructions to clients 178
Chapter 6 Discovering the Memory Network 181
Introduction 181
I Selecting the starting memory 181
Intensity matters 182
Obscure memories 185
Unknown origins 186
Absent emotions 189
Mistaken beginnings 190
Dream memories 191
False memories 191
Phobias, mourning, obsessions, panic disorders, and other complaints 193
II Exploring traumatic-memory networks 196
Longitudinal networks 197
Distributed networks 199
Central dominant networks 201
Multiple networks 203
Including and excluding new circuits 208
III Describing the inner representation of memory 210
The factual content of the memory 210
Modalities and submodalities 212
Emotions and cognitions 213
Localization in space 217
Chapter 7 Eye Movement Integration 225
Introduction 225
I Using the eye-movement patterns 225
The basic patterns 225
The sequence of segments 227
Beginning the eye movements 229
Number, rhythm, and duration of movements 230
Technical details of the hand movements 233
Wandering eyes or fixed gaze 235
Uneven tracking 236
Enlarging a small frame 236
II During the movements 237
Verbal cues 237
Nonverbal cues--staging 242
III Between the movements 243
Gathering information 243
Exploring modalities 244
Working with "nothing" 245
Following the client's preferred modality 246
Keeping it brief 246
Dealing with emotional or physical distress 247
IV Adjusting to client needs 248
When the process is not advancing 248
When the process goes "too fast" 249
Client questions 249
Using the individual map of accessing cues 250
Changing the target 252
Chapter 8 Completing the Treatment 253
Introduction 253
I Concluding EMI 253
Applying pattern F for complete integration 254
Using patterns G and H 256
Customized eye movements 257
Ending early--or not 259
II Anchoring 265
Last check and future projection 265
Eye-movement anchoring to consolidate the positive state 266
Alternative anchoring techniques 267
III Closing the session 269
Unanswered questions and comments 269
What to expect after EMI 270
Between multiple sessions 280
Staying in touch 281
Getting home after the session 282
IV Closing an incomplete integration 282
Plan enough closing time 282
Ensure the stability of the client 283
Present the results positively 284
Use the resourceful anchorage 285
Questions, comments, and explanations 286
Schedule another EMI session early 287
Phone contact 288
V Follow-up sessions 288
Assess the changes 289
Reassess the previous problem 290
Explore and treat new images, additional targets 291
Chapter 9 Meeting Challenges 293
Introduction 293
I When the process stalls 293
Staging 294
Shifting the frame 298
Reconsidering the chosen knot 299
Overcoming resistance 301
II When the integration is overwhelming 302
Facing strong reactions 303
Managing strong reactions 305
III Adding material 312
Choosing the right moment 312
Selecting the right material 313
Integrating the added material 315
IV Seeding new competencies 317
Sowing new experiences in real life 318
Drawing on Gestalt for resolution of unfinished business 319
Teaching new competencies with coaching 320
V Psychiatric populations 321
Considerations before therapy 321
Considerations during therapy 324
Special considerations in psychopathy and schizophrenia 327
VI Preventing traumatizing imprints 329
Averting encoding of experience as trauma 329
Protecting the therapist 333
Conclusion 335

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