Clinical Pharmacology in Elderly Subjects: Reference Ranges and Biological Variations after Repeated Measurements

Author: H. P. Peter Breuel
Published: January 1996
Publisher: Springer-Verlag New York, LLC
ISBN: 3540594957
Paperback Book
Number of Pages: 182

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This book discusses how clinical pharmacology studies are different in older populations than in younger ones and gives tables that describe reference values and distributions of laboratory tests and findings for an older group of persons that are commonly used in clinical pharmacology studies. The purpose is to provide clinical pharmacologists tables of reference ranges of laboratory tests and clinical findings in older age groups and to discuss how clinical pharmacology studies vary from younger to older age groups. This book is primarily for clinical pharmacologists. Pharmacists, gerontologists, and geriatricians will find some of the data interesting. This book features extensive tables of reference values of laboratory tests and clinical findings in older persons that show the range and distribution of the data as well. As more drug trials feature segments of the older population, the discussion of the challenges of performing clinical trials in this age group is quite germane. The numerous tables of reference values give a look at not only how aging influences the trends of these values but also how aging increases the spread and range of values, emphasizing the heterogeneity of older persons. One realizes the limitations of these cross-sectional versus longitudinal data. Clinical pharmacologists will find this book a useful reference.

Table of Contents
1 Introduction 1
2 Theories of Aging 3
3 Changes in Body Functions, Pharmacokinetics, and Receptor Sensitivity with Age 5
3.1 Changes in Central Nervous System 5
3.2 Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Changes 12
3.3 Changes in Clinical Chemistry and Hematology 16
3.4 Changes in Pharmacokinetics 22
3.5 Changes in Receptor Sensitivity 26
4 Practical Aspects in Performing Clinical Trials in Elderly Subjects 29
4.1 Recruitment of Subjects 29
4.2 Performance of the Study 30
4.3 Safety Aspects 30
4.4 Sample Size 31
4.5 Compliance of Subjects with Medication and Study Regulations 31
5 Experimental Findings in Elderly Subjects 35
5.1 Method 35
5.2 Experimental Data 39
5.3 Consequences from Experimental Data in Healthy Subjects 80
6 Statistical Details 89
6.1 Blood Pressure 90
6.2 Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring 106
6.3 ECG Times 109
6.4 Ambulatory ECG Monitoring 119
6.5 Spirometry (FEV[subscript 1]) 122
6.6 Clinical Chemistry 126
6.7 Hematology 156
References 169

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